{"id":1126,"date":"2025-06-18T18:01:04","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T16:01:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muzeumvac.hu\/?page_id=1126"},"modified":"2026-09-22T22:17:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T20:17:40","slug":"kepes-varostortenet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/muzeumvac.hu\/en\/rolunk\/kepes-varostortenet\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00e9pes v\u00e1rost\u00f6rt\u00e9net"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The history of V\u00e1c from the conquest to the beginning of the 20th century<\/h2><\/div><\/div>

Virtual Exhibition<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

Due to the size of the exhibition space, the Museum's new permanent city history exhibition could not undertake to present the rich history of V\u00e1c and its surroundings, and the daily lives of the people living here in recent centuries, in full depth. Our illustrated city history summarizes the main events from the conquest to the end of the 19th century, providing a historical background to the exhibition!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

From the beginning to 1301<\/h3><\/div><\/div>

After the conquest, the Hungarians arriving from the east and the ethnic groups that joined them probably settled in the Carpathian Basin in tribes. Our ancestors preferred the central, lowland and hilly parts of their new country, which they took possession of around 900, and settled here in the largest numbers. We know of their archaeological traces from several points in the V\u00e1c area. When researching the settlements of the time, the remains of simple, puritanical dwellings and fragments of cheap, roughly shaped clay pots are most often found. The cemeteries of the leaders usually yield richer finds \u2013 simpler silver, rarely gold jewelry.
A h\u00e9t vez\u00e9r \u00faj hont foglal\u00f3 n\u00e9pe a 11. sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9n nem lakatlan ter\u00fcletre \u00e9rkezett.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

For several generations, Slavs from the north have settled among the descendants of the Avars, who had lived here since the mid-6th century and had previously also arrived from the eastern steppes.<\/p>\n

The name of our city is a shortened form of the Slavic name V\u00e1cl\u00e1v (Vencel), which was nicknamed V\u00e1c. The name-giver may have lived sometime before the middle of the 11th century, and his surroundings may have spoken mostly Hungarian, but he certainly used other Slavic names as well.<\/p>\n

Since the reign of Prince G\u00e9za, the area around Esztergom, (Sz\u00e9kes) Feh\u00e9rv\u00e1r and Buda has been the centre and heart of the country. According to tradition, V\u00e1c is also one of the ten first bishoprics connected to Saint Stephen. It is certain that this diocese was founded relatively late; modern research places its foundation either in the last years of Saint Stephen's reign or in the time of one of his successors, but in any case before 1075. The author of the Illustrated Chronicle, written several generations after the events, in the mid-14th century \u2013 evidently based on earlier works known to him \u2013 was certain, and tried to convince his readers, that the bishopric was founded by King G\u00e9za I after 1074. In his opinion, the city's location was a large forest at that time, where no one lived, except for a hermit with a holy life named V\u00e1c, after whom Prince G\u00e9za later named the city he founded.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

The town must have been a significant settlement as early as the early 11th century, as our first rulers established an ecclesiastical center here. The hermit's legend is also refuted by the fact that our town is mentioned in the annals of the distant Yburg monastery in 1074. The annals mention the undoubtedly significant settlement in connection with the German ruler's campaign - King Henry ravaged Hungary as far as V\u00e1c, i.e. Wazenburg.<\/p>\n

In the Illustrated Chronicle, among the events that took place in the year of our Lord 1077, we read that G\u00e9za, who was \u201cHe was buried in the Church of the Holy Virgin, which he built.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

The bishops of V\u00e1c appeared more and more frequently in the documents of the 12th and 13th centuries, together with other church leaders, as persons involved in the country's internal politics. The city is also mentioned by the 12th century Arab geographer among the more significant Hungarian settlements. The Tatar invasion brought great destruction to the developing V\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

According to the contemporary account of Master Rogerius, on Sunday, March 17, 1241, the Tatars savagely attacked the city and captured it. The defenders of the fortified area around the cathedral and the stone buildings standing there could not resist them, and all the Christians fell or were taken prisoner that day. The attackers robbed the church treasury, then burned the large crowd of ordinary people who had gathered in V\u00e1c, the canons and the families of the nobles - probably locking them in one or more buildings, perhaps the cathedral. In the wake of the unprecedented cruelty, the surviving people of the area were able to flee to the forests here too.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

The one-year Tatar rule ended in the spring of 1242. Following the Mongols\u2019 unexpected retreat \u2013 with thousands of prisoners and immeasurable booty \u2013 B\u00e9la IV and his nobles began the seemingly hopeless task of restoring the country. German settlers arrived in many settlements of the country. Most of them were probably driven away from their homeland by overpopulation and the scarcity of arable land. A smaller proportion of them arrived with full purses and, often maintaining their home, German connections, started to engage in business and long-distance trade that brought considerable profits.<\/p>\n

The guests who arrived in V\u00e1c established the German city on the site of one of the destroyed Hungarian districts, around today's March 15th Square.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

In the middle of the main square with an elongated triangular layout, on the site of the previous church, a new stone church was built to replace the church destroyed by the Tatars, and it was dedicated to the Archangel Saint Michael. Continuing the previous custom \u2013 and observing the church regulations \u2013 the cemetery was located around the church. This church was first mentioned in 1319 in the charter of the Augustinian monastery of Saint James, also built in the German city.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

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From 1301 to 1686<\/h3><\/div><\/div>

After the two decades of civil wars following the extinction of the \u00c1rp\u00e1d dynasty in 1301, more than a century of peaceful development followed. Around 1400, the city's stone defensive wall was built, with its gates guarded by thick, massive towers. The most important activities of the local, mostly German population were grape growing and wine trade, as well as handicrafts. After the death of King Sigismund, the Hussites, who were called to the Uplands in connection with the throne struggles, posed a serious threat to our area. It is possible that the bishop's castle was built around the cathedral and the bishop's palace at that time. It is certain that we first encounter the mention of the V\u00e1c castle in 1465. King Matthias (1458-1490) defeated the Hussite robbers in the first years of his reign, so Mikl\u00f3s B\u00e1thori, who was appointed bishop of V\u00e1c in 1474 as a relative of the king, was able to devote his 32-year career to peaceful construction projects in addition to his duties as high priest. He rebuilt his palace and cathedral at great expense. He had his own chapel built for the latter, which also became his resting place in 1506.<\/p>\n

The Turks reached our area after the defeat at the Battle of Moh\u00e1cs in 1526, but then retreated to the Southern Region after a few weeks of raiding. In 1541, they held on to the recaptured Buda. As the next step in increasing their control, they captured the nearby castles in 1543: Esztergom, Visegr\u00e1d, V\u00e1c and N\u00f3gr\u00e1d. V\u00e1c was then part of the Turkish border castle system for decades. It changed hands several times during the Fifteen Years' War that began at the end of the 16th century.<\/p>\n

From 1629 it was again in Muslim hands for a long time, until 1685, the liberation war. The Turks did not build much in our city, at least this was not typical of them. However, they made significant fortifications in the castle for their own protection. During their rule in the 17th century, the cathedral that stood in the castle was also demolished in order to build new, strong-walled bastions from its stones. However, memories of their everyday life have been unearthed during excavations.<\/p>\n

The Turks relocated the Christian population from near the castle to what is now M\u00e1rcius 15. t\u00e9r, so that only their own soldiers and families would reside around the fortress. Most of the indigenous population remained in V\u00e1c, as ordinary people in other parts of the country did not have much land, which was the most important basis for livelihood at that time. Despite the perseverance of the locals, the population decreased significantly during the many sieges by the end of the 17th century.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

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From 1686 to 1800<\/h3><\/div><\/div>

After the expulsion of the Turks, the once prosperous V\u00e1c lay in ruins. The contemporary B\u00e9l M\u00e1ty\u00e1s<\/strong> In 1686, he painted a sad picture of the city:<\/p>\n

\"Buda elfoglal\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n v\u00e9gk\u00e9ppen a mi hatalmunkban maradt V\u00e1c, vagyis ink\u00e1bb az igazs\u00e1gnak megfelel\u0151en V\u00e1c nyomai, mert a v\u00e1rb\u00f3l bizony az itt-ott kid\u00f6nt\u00f6tt falakon k\u00edv\u00fcl semmi sem volt l\u00e1that\u00f3, az oly sok t\u0171zv\u00e9sz \u00e1ltal puszt\u00edtott v\u00e1rosban pedig alig volt n\u00e9h\u00e1ny kunyh\u00f3, az is csak heveny\u00e9szetten \u00f6sszer\u00f3va. Az \u00e1rok k\u00f6r\u00fcl futott a s\u00e1nc, t\u00f6lgyf\u00e1b\u00f3l szerkesztve, de az is lerombolt \u00e1llapotban. S\u0151t, a kapuk szakadozott bolt\u00edvei is alig \u0151riztek meg valamit a r\u00e9gi erej\u00fckb\u0151l. Az utc\u00e1k, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl a nagyobbak a nyugat-keleti ir\u00e1nyban h\u00faz\u00f3dtak, szennyel, piszokkal megrakottan romokkal voltak eltorlaszolva. A nagyszer\u0171 templom\u00e9p\u00fcleteket a v\u00e1r er\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9se c\u00e9lj\u00e1ra alapjaib\u00f3l ki\u00e1st\u00e1k, s m\u00e9g a nyomuk is elveszett.<\/em>
Ez volt V\u00e1c k\u00e9pe, amikor v\u00e9gleg megszabad\u00edtott\u00e1k a t\u00f6r\u00f6kt\u0151l, lak\u00f3ja szinte semmi sem volt. El\u0151sz\u00f6r szl\u00e1v telepesek, majd n\u00e9met j\u00f6vev\u00e9nyek kezdtek letelep\u00fclni a v\u00e1rosban, apr\u00f3 h\u00e1zakat \u00e9p\u00edtettek a romok k\u00f6z\u00e9, amint kit-kit a v\u00e9letlen, vagy j\u00f3tetsz\u00e9se ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott. ...\"<\/em><\/p>\n

The reconstruction work was interrupted by the events of the R\u00e1k\u00f3czi War of Independence. The city changed hands several times, and was again destroyed by imperial attacks and the fire of 1709. Only the Hegyes Tower on the Danube bank remained from the medieval city wall. The surrounding area: the Nasz\u00e1l, Gyada and Katalina forests provided shelter for the refugees. A plague epidemic broke out in the city due to the unburied corpses. The reconstruction had to start all over again.<\/p>\n

A v\u00e1ros ben\u00e9pes\u00fcl\u00e9se r\u00e9szben a p\u00fcsp\u00f6k\u00f6k szervezett telep\u00edt\u0151 munk\u00e1j\u00e1nak, r\u00e9szben a spont\u00e1n bek\u00f6lt\u00f6z\u00e9snek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151. A p\u00fcsp\u00f6ki sz\u00e9kv\u00e1ros \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s a gazdas\u00e1g talpra \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t c\u00e9lul kit\u0171z\u0151 p\u00fcsp\u00f6k-f\u00f6ldesurak k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 kedvezm\u00e9nyekkel - h\u00e1z, ill. h\u00e1zhely \u00e9s \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151anyag, ad\u00f3kedvezm\u00e9nyek - igyekeztek idecsalogatni a hazai \u00e9s f\u0151k\u00e9nt a k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi telepeseket.<\/p>\n

A lakoss\u00e1g sz\u00e1ma 1715 \u00e9s 1784 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt csaknem megt\u00edzszerez\u0151d\u00f6tt: 960-r\u00f3l 8334-re n\u0151tt. A v\u00e1rosban otthonra lelt betelep\u00fcl\u0151k z\u00f6me n\u00e9met nyelvter\u00fcletr\u0151l \u00e9rkezett, de tal\u00e1lhatunk k\u00f6z\u00f6tt\u00fck cseheket, morv\u00e1kat, szlov\u00e1kokat, szerbeket, horv\u00e1tokat, s\u0151t franci\u00e1kat \u00e9s olaszokat is. A megm\u0171velt ter\u00fcletek - p\u00e1rhuzamosan a lakoss\u00e1g sz\u00e1m\u00e1nak n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9vel - gyarapodtak, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a sz\u0151l\u0151vel be\u00fcltetett ter\u00fcletek nagys\u00e1ga n\u0151tt ugr\u00e1sszer\u0171en. A c\u00e9hek \u00fajj\u00e1szervez\u00e9se a beteleped\u00e9ssel p\u00e1rhuzamosan indult meg. A legt\u00f6bb k\u00e9zm\u0171iparost a csizmadia, a szab\u00f3 \u00e9s a moln\u00e1rok c\u00e9heiben tal\u00e1ljuk.<\/p>\n

A v\u00e1ci nyomda - amelyet 1770 k\u00f6r\u00fcl Ambr\u00f3 Ferenc Ign\u00e1c<\/strong> alap\u00edtott - jelentette meg t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt az Ur\u00e1ni\u00e1t, az els\u0151 magyar nyelv\u0171 sz\u00e9pirodalmi foly\u00f3iratot. Ambr\u00f3 hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n M\u00e1ramarosi Gottlieb Antal<\/strong> took over the management of the printing house. V\u00e1c was the most industrialized city in the county after Buda and Pest.<\/p>\n

The tasks of the orders that settled in the city were to strengthen religious life and provide education. Dvornikovich Mih\u00e1ly<\/strong> Bishop settled the Dominicans in the city in 1699. The Piarists began their work in the city in 1715, and the Franciscans four years later. The Order of the Merciful arrived in V\u00e1c in 1763 with healing duties. They also maintained a convent and a pharmacy.<\/p>\n

The territorial growth of the city and the development of the urban structure can be traced. It arrived in its capital in 1711 Kollonits Zsigmond<\/strong> bishop. He began his work in the spirit of reconstruction and re-Catholicization. Due to his lordly power, he forbade the free practice of religion by non-Catholics in the episcopal seat in 1712. The Calvinists therefore moved to the area north of the city, where they founded a serf village called Kisv\u00e1c. Althann Mih\u00e1ly Frigyes<\/strong> p\u00fcsp\u00f6k (1718 - 1734) beiktat\u00e1s\u00e1t k\u00f6vet\u0151en elk\u00e9sz\u00edttette V\u00e1c r\u00e9szletes t\u00e9rk\u00e9p\u00e9t \u00e9s telekk\u00f6nyv\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

A v\u00e1rost k\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00e1rkolt\u00e1k, \u00e9s h\u00e1rom v\u00e1roskaput \u00e1ll\u00edtottak. A t\u00e9rk\u00e9pen az \u00e1rokvonalon k\u00edv\u00fcl tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a Tab\u00e1n v\u00e1rosr\u00e9sz. A belv\u00e1rost k\u00e9t v\u00e1rosr\u00e9sz alkotta: a fels\u0151v\u00e1ros (az egykori \"N\u00e9met v\u00e1ros\") valamint az als\u00f3v\u00e1ros (az egykori \"Magyar v\u00e1ros\"). A belv\u00e1rost d\u00e9lr\u0151l a v\u00e1r hat\u00e1rolta. Az 1731-es t\u0171zv\u00e9szt k\u00f6vet\u0151en - melyben a 229 h\u00e1zb\u00f3l 198 le\u00e9gett - kezd\u0151dtek meg a nagy p\u00fcsp\u00f6ki \u00e9p\u00edtkez\u00e9sek. A t\u0171zk\u00e1rosultaknak elengedte az \u00e9vi ad\u00f3t, \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151anyagot osztott sz\u00e9t, s felt\u00e9tele csup\u00e1n az volt, hogy az \u00e1ltala kiadott szab\u00e1lyrendelet betart\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9p\u00fcljenek a h\u00e1zak. M\u00e9g 1712-ben Kollonits<\/strong> p\u00fcsp\u00f6k megegyezett a K\u00e1ptalannal a birtokfeloszt\u00e1sban, s V\u00e1c f\u00f6ldes\u00fari j\u00f6vedelmeinek 1\/8 r\u00e9sz\u00e9t engedte \u00e1t a sz\u00e1mukra. 1742-ben perre ker\u00fclt sor a K\u00e1ptalan \u00e9s a P\u00fcsp\u00f6ks\u00e9g k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, mivel az uradalom nem fizette ki a k\u00e1ptalannak j\u00e1r\u00f3 j\u00f6vedelmeket. A per a v\u00e1ros t\u00e9nyleges feloszt\u00e1s\u00e1val fejez\u0151d\u00f6tt be. A K\u00e1ptalan az elmaradt \u00f6sszeg fej\u00e9ben megkapta a v\u00e1ros \u00e9s hat\u00e1ra 1\/8-ad r\u00e9sz\u00e9t. Ett\u0151l kezdve K\u00e1ptalan-V\u00e1c k\u00fcl\u00f6n k\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1si egys\u00e9get alkotott, k\u00fcl\u00f6n tan\u00e1ccsal, pecs\u00e9ttel, \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 c\u00e9hszervezetekkel. V\u00e1c ikerv\u00e1ros lett, s a k\u00e9t mez\u0151v\u00e1ros - K\u00e1ptalan-V\u00e1c \u00e9s P\u00fcsp\u00f6k-V\u00e1c - csak a k\u00f6z\u00f6s \u00fcgyeket t\u00e1rgyalva alkotott k\u00f6z\u00f6s bizotts\u00e1got. 1769-ben Migazzi Krist\u00f3f<\/strong> Bishop Kisv\u00e1c was annexed to Bishop-V\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

The result of the episcopal constructions after the great fire of 1731 is the Baroque cityscape that can still be admired today.<\/p>\n

Az Althann-f\u00e9le p\u00fcsp\u00f6ki palota a mai Siketn\u00e9ma Int\u00e9zet hely\u00e9n \u00e1llt. A v\u00e1roskapun k\u00edv\u00fcl \u00e9p\u00fclt fel a \"v\u00f6r\u00f6sh\u00e1z\", az uradalom gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9p\u00fclete, mely nev\u00e9t a N\u00e1polyb\u00f3l \u00e9rkezett \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151k \u00e1ltal haszn\u00e1lt rik\u00edt\u00f3 v\u00f6r\u00f6s sz\u00edn\u00e9r\u0151l kapta. Ekkor kezdt\u00e9k meg a mai v\u00e1rosh\u00e1za \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t is. Az 1740-41-ben puszt\u00edt\u00f3 pestis ut\u00e1n - a tov\u00e1bbi j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyok elker\u00fcl\u00e9se v\u00e9gett - emelt\u00e9k a Szenth\u00e1roms\u00e1g szobrot, \u00e9s az akkor m\u00e9g a v\u00e1ros hat\u00e1r\u00e1ban \u00e1ll\u00f3, a pestises temet\u0151 melletti Szent R\u00f3kus k\u00e1poln\u00e1t. 1745-ben szentelt\u00e9k fel a piarist\u00e1k templom\u00e1t. 1755-re k\u00e9sz\u00fclt el a domonkos rend temploma, melyet a v\u00e1ciak a \"Feh\u00e9rek templom\u00e1\"-nak neveznek. Eszterh\u00e1zy K\u00e1roly<\/strong> p\u00fcsp\u00f6k lebontatta a f\u0151t\u00e9ren \u00e1ll\u00f3 Szent Mih\u00e1ly templomot, kialak\u00edtva a t\u00e9r mai form\u00e1j\u00e1t. 1759-ben k\u00e9sz\u00fclt el a Gomb\u00e1s patakon \u00e1t\u00edvel\u0151 \"k\u0151szentes h\u00edd\". A p\u00fcsp\u00f6ki sz\u00e9kv\u00e1ros vir\u00e1gkor\u00e1t Migazzi Krist\u00f3f p\u00fcsp\u00f6ks\u00e9ge idej\u00e9n (1756 - 57, 1762 - 1786) \u00e9lte.<\/p>\n

A v\u00e1ros legjelent\u0151sebb m\u0171eml\u00e9k \u00e9p\u00fclete a klasszicista elemekkel kevert k\u00e9s\u0151barokk st\u00edlus\u00fa Sz\u00e9kesegyh\u00e1z, amely 1761 - 1777 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt \u00e9p\u00fclt fel. Migazzi<\/strong> - mivel t\u00fal k\u00f6lts\u00e9gesnek tal\u00e1lta a kor\u00e1bbi Pilgram-f\u00e9le terveket, Isidore Canevaleval<\/strong> \u00fajat terveztetett. Az \u00e9p\u00edtkez\u00e9s ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val Oswald G\u00e1sp\u00e1r<\/strong> uradalmi \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szeti fel\u00fcgyel\u0151t b\u00edzta meg. 1764-ben M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zi\u00e1t<\/strong> l\u00e1tta vend\u00e9g\u00fcl a p\u00fcsp\u00f6k - \u00e9s a v\u00e1ros. F\u00e9l \u00e9v alatt k\u00e9sz\u00fclt el a Diadal\u00edv, mely orsz\u00e1gosan is egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3 m\u0171eml\u00e9k\u00fcnk. Terveit szint\u00e9n Canevale<\/strong> k\u00e9sz\u00edtette.<\/p>\n

Az uralkod\u00f3 \u00e9rkez\u00e9s\u00e9re m\u00e1r befejezt\u00e9k a v\u00e1rosh\u00e1za \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t is. 1766-ban fejez\u0151d\u00f6tt be a ferencesek templom\u00e1nak \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se. A ferencesek - p\u00fcsp\u00f6ki enged\u00e9llyel - a r\u00e9gi v\u00e1r k\u00f6veit is felhaszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k az \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9shez. 1772-ben k\u00e9sz\u00fclt el az \u00faj p\u00fcsp\u00f6ki palota \u00e9p\u00fclete. Migazzi<\/strong> \u00e9p\u00edtkez\u00e9seivel sz\u00e9kv\u00e1ros\u00e1t m\u00e9lt\u00f3v\u00e1 tette az uralkod\u00f3 l\u00e1togat\u00e1s\u00e1nak fogad\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A v\u00e1ros 18. sz\u00e1zadi fejl\u0151d\u00e9se p\u00e9lda\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171: romokban hever\u0151 telep\u00fcl\u00e9sb\u0151l vir\u00e1gz\u00f3 gazdas\u00e1gi-kultur\u00e1lis<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

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V\u00e1c a 19. sz\u00e1zadban<\/h3><\/div><\/div>

1818-ban, a Tudom\u00e1nyos Gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyben Nagy Imre<\/strong> \u00edgy mutatta be V\u00e1cot:
\u201eFekszik V\u00e1tz a\u2019 Duna bal \u00e1g\u00e1nak napkeleti partj\u00e1n, a Duna k\u00e9t \u00e1gra szakad\u00e1s\u00e1n al\u00f3l, vagy is a\u2019 Visegr\u00e1di V\u00e1rt\u00f3l egy \u00f3ra j\u00e1r\u00e1snyira\u2026 Napnyugot fel\u00f6l a\u2019 V\u00e9rtes\u2019 hegyei, \u00c9jszak fel\u00f6l Nagysz\u00e1l, vagy Nasz\u00e1l Hegyei meszsze kiterjedve l\u00e1tszanak, ezeknek teteje b\u00fckk\u00f6s \u2019s t\u00f6lgy\u00f6s erd\u0151kkel van fedezve, oldalai pedig, \u00e9s allja tem\u00e9rdek sok sz\u00f6ll\u00f6kkel vannak megrakva. \u2026 Sz\u00e1nt\u00f3 f\u00f6ldje, \u00e9s mezeje V\u00e1tznak kev\u00e9s vagyon, \u00e9s ennek is nagyobb r\u00e9sze homokos \u2019s szomjuhoz\u00f3 f\u00f6ldb\u0151l \u00e1ll \u2026 Leveg\u0151je V\u00e1tznak egy \u00e1talj\u00e1ban tiszta, \u2019s eg\u00e9s\u00e9ges \u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

The development of the city slowed down in the 19th century. The reason for this can be found, on the one hand, in its specific legal situation, and on the other hand, in the rapid economic and demographic development of Buda and especially Pest. At that time, V\u00e1c was a market town, episcopal seat and twin town at the same time. The lord of Bishop-V\u00e1c was the bishop of the time, and Chapter-V\u00e1c was the chapter. They were unable to achieve either unification or becoming a free royal city. It is true that the bishop's seat, which could also be considered a private feudal city, was in a better position than the market towns, and its internal administration was much like that of the free royal cities, and dependence on the manor also meant heavy burdens for the city. Its inhabitants, although they considered themselves \"V\u00e1c citizens\", could legally be considered serfs. The V\u00e1c people were engaged in agriculture - mainly viticulture -, handicrafts and trade.<\/p>\n

According to the 1828 census, nearly 20% of the town's population was engaged in handicrafts, which corresponds to the data of the most industrialized market towns. It is true that a significant part of the craftsmen only practiced their trade seasonally, and supplemented their income with viticulture. In addition to tailors, shoemakers, and blacksmiths, millers were the most numerous. In the first half of the 19th century, a total of 34 ship mills were operating in V\u00e1c. The power of the Danube's current was used to grind grain. The noses were often decorated with masterful carvings.<\/p>\n

By the middle of the century, V\u00e1c was one of the market towns supplying a medium-sized market area. Four national fairs were held in the city, divided into four seasons: on Flower Sunday, the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, St. Gall's Day and St. Thomas' Day. The importance of the fairs decreased in proportion to the growth of Pest's central economic role. The weekly market played the largest role in local trade. On Tuesdays and Fridays, the Market Square was filled with vendors. Those arriving from afar could stay at the Curia guesthouse on the main square, but the \"Golden Deer\", the \"Golden Star\", the \"Golden Barrel\" and the \"White Ship\" inns were also full at this time. Transport played a decisive role in the development of the city. Steamboats started in 1817, but regular weekly services only arrived in V\u00e1c from 1829.<\/p>\n

A helyi \u00e1rusok B\u00e9cs \u00e9s Pest fel\u00e9 sz\u00e1ll\u00edtott\u00e1k term\u00e9nyeiket, els\u0151sorban az igen finom csemegesz\u0151l\u0151t. Az els\u0151 vas\u00fatvonal megnyit\u00e1s\u00e1ra 1846. j\u00falius 15-\u00e9n ker\u00fclt sor. A h\u00e1rom kocsib\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 szerelv\u00e9nyen utazott Istv\u00e1n f\u0151herceg n\u00e1dor<\/strong>, Kossuth Lajos<\/strong> \u00e9s Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n<\/strong> is. A V\u00e1cra \u00e9rkez\u0151ket az \u00fcnnep\u00e9lyes fogadtat\u00e1s mellett egy sajn\u00e1latos esem\u00e9ny is v\u00e1rta: a Tab\u00e1nban t\u0171z \u00fct\u00f6tt ki. A t\u0171z olt\u00e1s\u00e1ban a vas\u00faton \u00e9rkez\u0151k is seg\u00edtettek. A vas\u00fat\u00e1llom\u00e1st a v\u00e1roson k\u00edv\u00fcl, az als\u00f3v\u00e1rosi pl\u00e9b\u00e1ni\u00e1hoz tartoz\u00f3 kert ter\u00fclet\u00e9re \u00e9p\u00edtett\u00e9k. A vas\u00fat \u201eler\u00f6vid\u00edtette\u201d a t\u00e1vols\u00e1got a f\u0151v\u00e1ros \u00e9s V\u00e1c k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, tov\u00e1bb gyeng\u00edtve a p\u00fcsp\u00f6ki sz\u00e9khely piack\u00f6zponti szerep\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

A vas\u00fat j\u00f3volt\u00e1b\u00f3l a 1848. m\u00e1rcius 15-\u00e9n kirobbant forradalom h\u00edre m\u00e9g aznap d\u00e9lut\u00e1n el\u00e9rkezett V\u00e1cra. Az 5 \u00f3r\u00e1s vonattal \u00e9rkez\u0151 szemtan\u00fa mag\u00e1val hozta Pet\u0151fi Nemzeti dal\u00e1nak egy frissen kinyomtatott p\u00e9ld\u00e1ny\u00e1t, s a f\u0151t\u00e9r \u00e9s a S\u00e1ros utca sark\u00e1n \u00e1ll\u00f3 Steinhauser-f\u00e9le k\u00e1v\u00e9h\u00e1zban \u2013 amelyet egyszer\u0171en csak F\u00fcst\u00f6s-nek h\u00edvtak \u2013 azon meleg\u00e9ben el is szavalta a k\u00f6z\u00f6ns\u00e9gnek. M\u00e1snap m\u00e1r a v\u00e1rosh\u00e1z\u00e1n is nemzeti sz\u00edn\u0171 lobog\u00f3t f\u00fajt a tavaszi sz\u00e9l. 1848 nyar\u00e1n orsz\u00e1ggy\u0171l\u00e9si v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sokat tartottak. A v\u00e1ci ker\u00fcletben egy r\u00e9gi v\u00e1ci csal\u00e1d sarja, Hajnik P\u00e1l<\/strong> a szabadelv\u0171 p\u00e1rt jel\u00f6ltje gy\u0151z\u00f6tt. Szeptemberben a v\u00e1ros a Dun\u00e1n inneni ker\u00fclet \u00f6nk\u00e9ntes nemzet\u0151reinek gy\u00fclekez\u0151helye lett.<\/p>\n

\u0150sszel \u00e9rkeztek az els\u0151 sebes\u00fcltsz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 kocsik a v\u00e1rosba. K\u00f3rh\u00e1zz\u00e1 alak\u00edtott\u00e1k a papn\u00f6veld\u00e9t, a ferencesek z\u00e1rd\u00e1j\u00e1t \u00e9s az elaggott papok otthon\u00e1t. A szorosan vett katonai esem\u00e9nyek 1848 december\u00e9ben \u00e9rt\u00e9k el a v\u00e1rost. G\u00f6rgei<\/strong> a janu\u00e1r 5-i v\u00e1ci proklam\u00e1ci\u00f3ja ut\u00e1n elhagyta V\u00e1cot. Az osztr\u00e1k megsz\u00e1ll\u00f3k el\u0151l sokan a k\u00f6rny\u00e9kbeli sz\u0151l\u0151kbe menek\u00fcltek. Damjanich<\/strong> hadtest\u00e9nek \u00e1prilis 10-i t\u00e1mad\u00e1sa meglepet\u00e9sk\u00e9nt \u00e9rte megsz\u00e1ll\u00f3kat. A Gomb\u00e1s-patakn\u00e1l zajl\u00f3 csata \u2013 melyben G\u00f6tz<\/strong> t\u00e1bornok is elesett \u2013 kiindul\u00f3pontja lett a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi sikeres katonai esem\u00e9nyeknek.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1jus 17-\u00e9n a sz\u00e9kesegyh\u00e1zban kihirdett\u00e9k a F\u00fcggetlens\u00e9gi nyilatkozatot. Az orosz inv\u00e1zi\u00f3 megindul\u00e1s\u00e1val a v\u00e1ros ism\u00e9t strat\u00e9giai szerepet j\u00e1tszott. A j\u00falius 15-i v\u00e1ci csata volt a szabads\u00e1gharc utols\u00f3 sikeres \u00fctk\u00f6zete. Miut\u00e1n a magyar csapatok elvonultak, Paszkievics<\/strong> t\u00e1bornagy hadteste \u00e9l\u00e9n bevonult V\u00e1cra.<\/p>\n

A v\u00e1rost a teljes pusztul\u00e1st\u00f3l Zichy Hippolyt<\/strong> als\u00f3v\u00e1rosi pl\u00e9b\u00e1nos mentette meg: felgy\u00fajt\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00f6ld\u00f6kl\u00e9s helyett az orosz sereg csup\u00e1n \u201ekifosztotta\u201d a helyb\u00e9lieket.<\/p>\n

A szabads\u00e1gharc lever\u00e9s\u00e9t sz\u00f6rny\u0171 megtorl\u00e1s k\u00f6vette: hal\u00e1lb\u00fcntet\u00e9s, fogs\u00e1g \u00e9s k\u00e9nyszersoroz\u00e1s. A v\u00e1ros vezet\u0151it elbocs\u00e1tott\u00e1k hivatalukb\u00f3l. A f\u0151v\u00e1rosb\u00f3l sz\u00e1m\u0171z\u00f6ttek k\u00f6z\u00fcl sokan \u2013 Landerer, Degr\u00e9 Alajos<\/strong>\u2026 - tal\u00e1ltak otthonra V\u00e1cott. A kiegyez\u00e9st k\u00f6vet\u0151 politikai enyh\u00fcl\u00e9s a nemzeti \u00e9rzelmek b\u00e1trabb kinyilv\u00e1n\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t is lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette. A szabads\u00e1gharc eml\u00e9k\u00e9re itt \u00e1ll\u00edtott\u00e1k az els\u0151 eml\u00e9km\u0171vet, melyre a sz\u00e1m\u0171zet\u00e9sben l\u00e9v\u0151 Kossuth is k\u00fcld\u00f6tt p\u00e9nzadom\u00e1nyt. Az \u00fcnnep\u00e9lyes felavat\u00e1sra 1868. j\u00falius 19-\u00e9n ker\u00fclt sor.<\/p>\n

A 1850-es \u00e9vek derek\u00e1n a v\u00e1rosegyes\u00edt\u00e9s k\u00e9rd\u00e9se \u00fajb\u00f3l napirendre ker\u00fclt. A jobb gazdas\u00e1gi helyzetben l\u00e9v\u0151 K\u00e1ptalan-V\u00e1c ellenkez\u00e9s\u00e9nek dac\u00e1ra 1859. m\u00e1jus 1-\u00e9n, az egyes\u00edt\u00e9st j\u00f3v\u00e1hagy\u00f3 2922\/1859. sz. megyehat\u00f3s\u00e1gi rendelet nyom\u00e1n sz\u00fcletett meg V\u00e1c. A v\u00e1ros k\u00f6zjogi helyzet\u00e9t az 1871:18. tc. alapj\u00e1n rendezt\u00e9k. 1872-ben az imm\u00e1r egyes\u00edtett V\u00e1c mez\u0151v\u00e1rosb\u00f3l rendezett tan\u00e1cs\u00fa v\u00e1ross\u00e1 alakult \u00e1t.<\/p>\n

A kiegyez\u00e9st k\u00f6vet\u0151 n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9v m\u00e9g nem hozott fellend\u00fcl\u00e9st. A rendezett tan\u00e1cs\u00fa v\u00e1ros kiad\u00e1sai rendre jelent\u0151sen meghaladt\u00e1k a bev\u00e9teleket, a k\u00f6zbiztons\u00e1g gyakorlatilag megsz\u0171nt. Az \u00e1ldatlan k\u00f6z\u00e1llapotok megjav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 igyekezetek - dr. Freysinger Lajos<\/strong> k\u00f6zjegyz\u0151nek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en - a '80-as \u00e9vek elej\u00e9re vezettek eredm\u00e9nyre.<\/p>\n

A fejl\u0151d\u00e9s lend\u00fclete azonban egy sajn\u00e1latos esem\u00e9ny hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra megtorpant. Az 1880-as \u00e9vekben a filox\u00e9raj\u00e1rv\u00e1ny k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben a sz\u0151l\u0151ter\u00fcletek k\u00e9tharmada kipusztult, s ennek nemcsak s\u00falyos gazdas\u00e1gi, de t\u00e1rsadalmi k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyei is voltak. A sz\u0151l\u0151termel\u0151k - f\u0151k\u00e9nt a kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 mobil kisgazdas\u00e1gok - t\u00f6nkrementek. M\u00edg a filox\u00e9rapuszt\u00edt\u00e1s el\u0151tt a lakoss\u00e1g t\u00f6bb, mint 60%-a a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gb\u00f3l \u00e9lt, addig a sz\u00e1zadfordul\u00f3ra ez az ar\u00e1ny csaknem 24%-ra cs\u00f6kkent.<\/p>\n

The unemployed could not find work either in agriculture or in the handicraft industry. The surplus labor force could have been absorbed mainly by industrial companies, but as was complained in the local press \"...gy\u00e1runk egy sincs, mely n\u00e9mileg k\u00e1rp\u00f3toln\u00e1 a munk\u00e1shi\u00e1nyt. A szeg\u00e9ny embernek itt vid\u00e9ken nem akad \u00fagysz\u00f3lv\u00e1n semmi eml\u00edt\u00e9sre m\u00e9lt\u00f3 keresetforr\u00e1sa.\"<\/em> Az 1880-as \u00e9vekben a v\u00e1rosban m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 gy\u00e1rakban \u00f6sszesen kb. 170-180 munk\u00e1s dolgozott. K\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck a legjelent\u0151sebb a Reitter-f\u00e9le kocsigy\u00e1r volt, amely Reitter Istv\u00e1n vezet\u00e9se alatt a '90-es \u00e9vekre a v\u00e1ros egyik legmodernebb gy\u00e1r\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u0151tte ki mag\u00e1t. A sz\u00e1mtalan kit\u00fcntet\u0151 c\u00edmet elnyert Reitter-kocsik h\u00edre a Monarchia hat\u00e1rain is t\u00fal sz\u00e1rnyalt.<\/p>\n

The city's leadership tried to solve the problems caused by unemployment with large-scale industrialization. The geographical conditions that had withered the city's commercial role were appreciated. The proximity to the capital and the good transport conditions became very favorable for the establishment of factories. The city council, similar to national trends, offered \/additional\/ tax breaks, free land, and free building materials to factories intending to settle here. As a result of the large-scale industrialization, the number of people employed in industry and trade increased. According to the 1891 census, 18.08% of the population found work in industry and trade. This is also noteworthy because at that time this ratio was 14.6% in the case of towns with organized councils.<\/p>\n

While the number of independent craftsmen exceeded that of factory workers in the early 1870s, and the small-scale nature was the decisive factor, this changed by the turn of the century. The number of people employed in small-scale industries remained lower than those employed in factories. The nature of small-scale industries also changed: it shifted towards services. Some industries were irretrievably doomed.<\/p>\n

A gazdas\u00e1gi fellend\u00fcl\u00e9ssel p\u00e1rhuzamosan a n\u00e9pess\u00e9g is n\u0151tt. A l\u00e9leksz\u00e1m n\u00f6veked\u00e9se a v\u00e1ros ter\u00fclet\u00e9nek kiterjeszt\u00e9s\u00e9t, a be\u00e9p\u00edtett ter\u00fcletek megn\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t vonta maga ut\u00e1n. Ekkor kezdt\u00e9k parcell\u00e1zni De\u00e1kv\u00e1rt. A v\u00e1rosk\u00e9p is \u00e1talakul\u00f3ban volt. A v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 ig\u00e9nyekhez igazod\u00f3 \u00faj \/k\u00f6z\/\u00e9p\u00fcleteket - vas\u00fat\u00e1llom\u00e1s, iskol\u00e1k, p\u00e9nzint\u00e9zeti sz\u00e9kh\u00e1z - emeltek, s b\u0151v\u00edtett\u00e9k a barokk v\u00e1rosh\u00e1z\u00e1t. A f\u0151t\u00e9r \u00e9p\u00fcleteinek f\u00f6ldszintj\u00e9n, emelet\u00e9n, s\u0151t sok esetben udvari lak\u00e1saiban is boltok ny\u00edltak, hasonl\u00f3an az egyre forgalmasabb\u00e1 v\u00e1l\u00f3, a vas\u00fat\u00e1llom\u00e1st a f\u0151t\u00e9rrel \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u0151 Sz\u00e9chenyi utc\u00e1hoz. Vend\u00e9gl\u0151k, fogad\u00f3k, k\u00e1v\u00e9h\u00e1zak, cukr\u00e1szd\u00e1k v\u00e1rt\u00e1k a v\u00e1rosi polg\u00e1rokat.<\/p>\n

A Duna-parti korz\u00f3z\u00e1s ut\u00e1n a f\u0151t\u00e9ri Rostetter cukr\u00e1szda terasz\u00e1n megpihen\u0151ket habos k\u00e1v\u00e9, s\u00fctem\u00e9ny vagy fagylalt fogadta. Egyre \u00e9l\u00e9nkebb\u00e9 v\u00e1lt a v\u00e1ros t\u00e1rsadalmi, egyes\u00fcleti \u00e9lete.<\/p>\n

A forgalmasabb utc\u00e1kat, tereket kockak\u0151vel burkolt\u00e1k. Az urbaniz\u00e1ci\u00f3 t\u00f6bb v\u00edvm\u00e1nya - v\u00edzvezet\u00e9k, utcai villanyvil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00e1s, csatorn\u00e1z\u00e1s - m\u00e9g hi\u00e1nyzott a sz\u00e1zadfordul\u00f3n.
A civil t\u00e1rsadalom aktivit\u00e1s\u00e1t mutatj\u00e1k a vir\u00e1gz\u00f3 gazdas\u00e1gi-, kultur\u00e1lis- \u00e9s karitat\u00edv egyletek. Sok egy\u00e9b mellett a V\u00e1ci M\u00fazeum Egylet sz\u00fclet\u00e9se is erre az id\u0151szakra esett. A m\u00faltjuk ir\u00e1nt \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u0151 v\u00e1ci polg\u00e1rok lelkes felaj\u00e1nl\u00e1sai nagyban hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rultak ahhoz, hogy l\u00e9trej\u00f6hessen a v\u00e1ros m\u00fazeuma. Az els\u0151 ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st 1898. febru\u00e1r 27-\u00e9n nyitott\u00e1k meg Bauer Mih\u00e1ly<\/strong> rajztan\u00e1r \u00e9s \"m\u00fazeumigazgat\u00f3\" Tab\u00e1n utcai h\u00e1z\u00e1nak egyik helyis\u00e9g\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

Az \u00e9let - k\u00f6z- \u00e9s mag\u00e1n\u00e9let egyar\u00e1nt - a helyi sajt\u00f3 r\u00e9v\u00e9n a nyilv\u00e1noss\u00e1g t\u00e1rgy\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt. K\u00e9t rendszeresen megjelen\u0151 helyi lap - a V\u00e1czi K\u00f6zl\u00f6ny \u00e9s a V\u00e1czi H\u00edrlap - szolg\u00e1lt inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kkal a v\u00e1rost \u00e9rint\u0151 legfontosabb politikai, gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalmi esem\u00e9nyekr\u0151l. A huszadik sz\u00e1zadba egy fejl\u0151d\u00e9snek indult, lehet\u0151s\u00e9geivel j\u00f3l s\u00e1f\u00e1rkod\u00f3 v\u00e1ros l\u00e9phetett.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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#<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":54,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1126","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nK\u00e9pes v\u00e1rost\u00f6rt\u00e9net - TRAGOR IGN\u00c1C M\u00daZEUM \u2022 V\u00c1C<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Egy m\u00fazeum, ezer \u00e9lm\u00e9ny!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/muzeumvac.hu\/en\/rolunk\/kepes-varostortenet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K\u00e9pes v\u00e1rost\u00f6rt\u00e9net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Egy m\u00fazeum, ezer \u00e9lm\u00e9ny!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/muzeumvac.hu\/en\/rolunk\/kepes-varostortenet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TRAGOR IGN\u00c1C M\u00daZEUM \u2022 V\u00c1C\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vac.tragorignacmuzeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-22T20:17:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/muzeumvac.hu\\\/rolunk\\\/kepes-varostortenet\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/muzeumvac.hu\\\/rolunk\\\/kepes-varostortenet\\\/\",\"name\":\"K\u00e9pes v\u00e1rost\u00f6rt\u00e9net - 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